Description and operation
The ignition coil is a kind of small transformer that transforms the battery
voltage to 30 kV or more to create a spark in the spark plug gap in the cylinder.
The igniter embedded in the ignition coil includes the power transistor and
it is an electronic switch whose electric current is controlled by the Engine
Control Module (ECM) signal.
The ignition timing is controlled by the ECM and the standard ignition timing
data depending on the engine operating condition is stored in the ECM memory.
The engine operating conditions (speed, load, warm-up state, etc.) are detected
by the various sensors.
Based on these sensor signals and the ignition timing data, when the ECM applies
the ignition signal to the ignition coil for a certain period of time, igniter
is energized and current flows and rises gradually to the primary coil and the
magnetic filed is produced.
When the current in the primary coil is cut off by the ignition signal of the
ECM, the rapid change of the magnetic flux by the mutual induction action is
induced to the secondary coil and high voltage is generated depending on the
coil winding ratio.
This high voltage generated from the secondary coil is caught in the spark plug
gap and discharges as the electric field is destroyed to generate a spark.
Troubleshooting
Trouble symptom
|
Probable cause
|
Remedy
|
Engine will not start or is hard to
start (Cranks OK)
|
Ignition lock switch
|
Inspect ignition lock switch, or replace as required
|
Ignition coil
|
Inspect ignition coil, or replace as required
|
Spark plugs
|
Inspect spark plugs, or replace as required
|
Ignition wiring disconnected or broken
|
Repair wiring, or replace as required
|
Rough idle or stalls
|
Ignition wiring
|
Repair wiring, or replace as required
|
Ignition coil
|
Inspect ignition coil, or replace as required
|
Engine hesitates/poor acceleration
|
Spark plugs and spark plug cables
|
Inspect spark plugs / cable, or replace as required
|
Ignition wiring
|
Repair wiring, or replace as required
|
Poor mileage
|
Spark plugs and spark plug cables
|
Inspect spark plugs / cable, or replace as required
|
Schematic diagrams
Repair procedures
| Inspect ignition coil assembly and
Perform spark test |
|
1. |
Check for DTCs.
|
• |
If a DTC is present, perform troubleshooting in accordance
with the procedure for that DTC.
(Refer to DTC guide)
|
|
|
|
2. |
Check if sparks occur.
â– Without diagnostic tool
|
(1) |
Remove the engine cover.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Engine Cover")
|
|
(2) |
Remove the ignition coils.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Ignition Coil")
|
|
(3) |
Using a spark plug wrench, remove the spark plugs.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Spark Plug")
|
|
(4) |
Connect the connector after install the spark plug to ignition
coil.
|
|
(5) |
Ground the spark plug to the engine.
|
|
(6) |
Check if sparks occur at each spark plug while engine is being
cranked.
|
|
• |
Do not crank the engine for more then 5 seconds.
|
|
â– With diagnostic tool
|
(7) |
Remove the engine cover.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Engine Cover")
|
|
(8) |
Remove the ignition coils.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Ignition Coil")
|
|
(9) |
Using a spark plug wrench, remove the spark plugs.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Spark Plug")
|
|
(10) |
Connect the diagnostic tool to data link connector (DLC).
|
|
(11) |
Turn the ignition switch ON.
|
|
(12) |
Select "Vehicle, Model year, Engine, System".
|
|
(13) |
Select "Actuation Test".
|
|
(14) |
Select "Ignition Coil Enable/Disable-#1, #2, #3, #4".
|
• |
Do not crank the engine for more then 5 seconds.
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
If sparks do not occur, perform the following test.
|
|
4. |
Using a spark plug wrench, install spark plugs.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Spark Plug")
|
|
5. |
Install the ignition coils.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Ignition Coil")
|
|
6. |
Install the engine cover.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Engine Cover")
|
Ignition Coil
Description and operation
The ignition coil is mounted on the top side of the cylinder head cover end.
The ignition coil consists of the primary coil that receives battery power and
the secondary coil that generates high voltage.
When the current in the primary coil is cut off by the ignition signal of the
ECM, the rapid change of the magnetic flux by the mutual induction action is
induced to the secondary coil and high voltage is generated depending on the
coil winding ratio.
This high voltage generated from the secondary coil is caught in the spark plug
gap and discharges as the electric field is destroyed to generate a spark.
Troubleshooting
Connector assembly status test
|
1. |
Remove the ignition coil connectors (A) and reinstall it.
|
Test for changing position of each ignition coil
A : Ignition coil w/ misfire code
B : Ignition coil w/o misfire code
| •
|
Do not move with spark plug at the same time (move the ignition
coil only)
|
|
Specifications
Item
|
Specification
|
Rated Voltage (V)
|
13.5V
|
Secondary Coil [Engine 1000RPM standard]
|
Input voltage (V)
|
13.5V
|
Dwell Time (ms)
|
4.0 - 4.6
|
Spark current (mA)
|
Min. 90
|
Spark duration time (ms)
|
Min. 2.0
|
Igniter voltage (V)
|
400 - 500
|
Pin
|
4
|
Item
|
Specification
|
Engine Speed (RPM)
|
1000
|
2000
|
3000
|
4000
|
5000
|
6000
|
7000
|
Dwell Time (ms)
|
4.7
|
4.7
|
4.1
|
3.4
|
3.1
|
2.8
|
2.7
|
Secondary Coil Voltage (kV)
|
41
|
41
|
41
|
40
|
38
|
36
|
35
|
Schematic diagrams
| Ignition Coil Connector
Terminal Function |
| Ignition Coil Terminal Function |
*Connected to number
Ignition Coil #1 (Cylinder #1)
Pin No
|
Description
|
Connected to
|
1
|
Ground
|
Chassic
|
2
|
Ignition Coil #1 Control
|
ECM Connector [93]
|
3
|
Ignition Coil #1/#4 Feedback
|
　ECM Connector [82]
|
4
|
Battery Power (B+)
|
Main Relay
|
Ignition Coil #2 (Cylinder #2)
Pin No
|
Description
|
Connected to
|
1
|
Ground
|
Chassic
|
2
|
Ignition Coil #2 Control
|
ECM Connector [47]
|
3
|
Ignition Coil #2/#3 Feedback
|
　ECM Connector [105]
|
4
|
Battery Power (B+)
|
Main Relay
|
Ignition Coil #3 (Cylinder #3)
Pin No
|
Description
|
Connected to
|
1
|
Ground
|
Chassic
|
2
|
Ignition Coil #3 Control
|
ECM Connector [116]
|
3
|
Ignition Coil #2/#3 Feedback
|
　ECM Connector [105]
|
4
|
Battery Power (B+)
|
Main Relay
|
Ignition Coil #4 (Cylinder #4)
Pin No
|
Description
|
Connected to
|
1
|
Ground
|
Chassic
|
2
|
Ignition Coil #4 Control
|
ECM Connector [24]
|
3
|
Ignition Coil #1/#4 Feedback
|
　ECM Connector [82]
|
4
|
Battery Power (B+)
|
Main Relay
|
Repair procedures
|
1. |
Turn the ignition switch OFF and disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
|
|
2. |
Remove the engine cover.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Engine Cover")
|
|
3. |
Remove the ignition coil connectors (A).
|
• |
When removing the ignition coil connector, pull the
lock pin (A) and push the clip.
|
|
|
|
4. |
Remove the ignition coils (A).
|
Tightening torque :
9.8 - 11.8 N.m (1.0 - 1.2 kgf.m, 7.2 - 8.7 Ib-ft)
|
|
|
1. |
Install in the reverse order of removal.
|
Cleaning work is required to prevent the problem of contamination of the spark
plug insulator by foreign substances attached to the bottom of the ignition
coil boot.
|
1. |
Prepare the soft cloth.
|
|
2. |
Wipe the contaminants inside and outside the bottom of the ignition
coil boot with the soft cloth as shown in the following figure.
|
| •
|
The cloth should be clean, free of contaminants, and soft enough
to not damage the parts.
|
|
Spark Plug. Description and operation
A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system
to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed
fuel/air mixture therein by means of an electric spark, while containing combustion
pressure within the engine. A spark plug has a metal threaded shell, electrically
isolated from a central electrode by a porcelain insulator.
Spark Plug. Specifications
Item
|
Specification
|
Type
|
SILZKR7K11S
|
SILZKR8J9GS
|
Gap
|
1.0 - 1.1 mm
(0.0394 - 0.0433 in.)
|
0.8 - 0.9 mm
(0.0315 - 0.0354in.)
|
Electrode Material
|
IRIDIUM
|
Spark Plug. Repair procedures
[On vehicle inspection]
|
1. |
Accelerate the engine to about 3,000 rpm 3 times or more.
|
|
2. |
Remove the spark plug.
(Refer to Spark Plug - "Removal")
|
|
3. |
Check the spark plug visually.
If the electrode is dry, the spark plug is normal.
If the electrode is wet, check for damage and inspect the electrode
gap as follows.
|
[Component Inspection]
|
1. |
Check the spark plug for any damage on its thread and insulator.
If there is damage, replace the spark plug.
|
|
2. |
Check the electrode. Measure the insulation resistance with an ohmmeter.
If the resistance is less than the specified value, adjust the electrode
gap.
|
Specification : 10 MΩ or more
|
|
|
3. |
Check the spark plug electrode gap.
If the gap is greater than the maximum, replace the spark plug.
|
Specification
SILZKR7K11S : 1.0 - 1.1 mm (0.0394 - 0.0433 in.)
SILZKR8J9GS : 0.8 - 0.9 mm (0.0315 - 0.0354in.)
|
|
• |
When adjusting the gap of a new spark plug, bend only
the base of the ground electrode. Do not touch the tip.
Never attempt to adjust the gap on a used plug.
|
|
|
Cleaning work is required to prevent the problem of contamination of the spark
plug insulator by foreign substances attached to the bottom of the ignition
coil boot.
|
1. |
Prepare the soft cloth.
|
|
2. |
Wipe the contaminants of the spark plug insulator with the soft cloth
as shown in the following figure.
|
| •
|
The cloth should be clean, free of contaminants, and soft enough
to not damage the parts.
|
|
The combustion temporarily becomes unstable, due to the aged fuel and the carbon
deposits accumulated on the spark plug(s) after long-term storage.
[1st Method]
|
1. |
Start the engine and keep the engine running at idle for 2 minutes.
|
|
2. |
Step on the accelerator pedal and hold it steady at 4500 rpm with the
shift lever in N position to warm up the engine until the temperature
of the engine coolant reaches 80°C.
|
|
3. |
Keep the engine running at 2500 - 3000 rpm in the N position for 15
minutes.
|
[2nd Method]
| •
|
The 2nd method should be performed only if the 1st method fails
(the misfire-related codes recur).
|
|
|
1. |
Start the engine and keep the engine running at idle for 2 minutes.
|
|
2. |
Drive the vehicle for over 20 minutes, keeping the engine speed above
3500 rpm.
|
• |
If equipped with manual transaxle, shift the gear properly
for keeping the engine speed above 3500 rpm.
|
|
|
|
1. |
Remove the ignition coil.
(Refer to Engine Electrical System - "Ignition Coil")
|
|
2. |
Using a spark plug wrench, remove the spark plugs (A).
|
Tightening torque :
14.7 - 24.5 N.m (1.5 - 2.5 kgf.m, 10.8 - 18.1 Ib-ft)
|
|
• |
Be careful that no contaminates enter into spark plug
holes.
|
|
|
|
1. |
Install in the reverse order of removal.
|
Description and operation Description The starting system includes the battery, starter, solenoid switch, ignition switch, ignition lock switch, connection wires and the battery cable. When the ignition ...
Hyundai Santa Fe (TM): Ignition System
Starting System
